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Baroque Timeline 1600-1750 AD
World powers
were Spain, France, England and the Dutch.
1600: BAROQUE MUSIC, (1600 - 1750), Opera was born at what is considered to be the very beginning of the Baroque era, around 1600. It came about because a group of Italian intellectuals wanted to recapture the spirit of ancient Greek drama in which music played a key role. The first great opera was Orfeo, by Claudio Monteverdi, first performed in 1607. Music's ability to express human emotions and depict natural phenomenon was explored throughout the Baroque period. Vivaldi's famous set of Concertos, The Four Seasons, is a famous example.
1600:East India Company established.
1600- Henry IV marries Maria de' Medici
Future King Charles I of England b. (d. 1649)
Shakespeare "Hamlet," "The Merry Wives of Windsor"
Giulio Caccini: "Euridice," opera
Emilio de' Cavalieri's opera "La Rappresentazione di anima e di corpo"
Harps used in orchestras
Jacopo Peri: "Euridice," opera
Recorder becomes popular in England
Dutch opticians invent the telescope
Wigs and dress trains become fashionable
1600-1601: Shakespeare, Hamlet.
1601- Earl of Essex leads revolt against Elizabeth I; is tried for treason and executed
Future Louis XIII, son of Henry IV and Maria de' Medici, b.
Caccini's new vocal style: "Nuove Musiche"
Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa (1560-1613): "Madrigals," to Tasso's Lyrics
Thomas Morley: "Triumphs of Oriana"
1603 Queen Elizabeth I of England d. (b.1533)
Sir Walter Raleigh, arrested for suspected complicity in the "Main Plot" which
sought dethronement of James I, is tried for high treason and sentenced to
imprisonment.
Monteverdi: "Fourth Book of Madrigals"
Heavy outbreak of plague in England
1603 Caravaggio paints The Entombment.
1604 First Parliament of James I meets
Heinrich Albert Ger. Composer b. (d.1651)
Orlando di Lasso: "Magnum opus musicum," 516 motets
Johan Kepler "Optics"
1605 Cervantes "Don Quixote," part I, published (Part 2, 1615)
George Chapman "All Fooles," comedy
Thomas Randolph, Eng. Poet, b. (d. 1635)
Shakespeare: "King Lear," "Macbeth"
Pope Clement VIII d. (b. 1535)
Pope Leo XI d. (b. 1535)
Giacomo Carissimi, Ital. Composer, b. (d. 1674)
Ulissi Aldrobandi, Ital. Naturalist, d. (b. 1535)
1606 Pierre Corneille, Fr. dramatist, b. (d. 1684)
Madeleine de Scudery, Fr. novelist, b. (d. 1701)
John Lyly, Eng. dramatist, d. (b. 1554)
Shakespeare: "Antony and Cleopatra"
Adriaen Brouwer, Dutch painter b. (d. 1638)
Rembrandt ban Rijn, Dutch painter b. (d. 1669)
First open air opera in Rome
Galileo Galilei invents proportional compass
1607: Jamestown, Virginia established-first permanent English colony in North America.
"Flight of the Earls" from Ireland to Spain
Thomas Deloney, Eng. Poet, d. (b. 1543)
Paul Gerdhardt, Ger. poet, b. (d. 1676)
William Byrd: "Gradualia"
Claudio Monteverdi:
"Orfeo," Opera
1608: The Dutchman, Johann Lippershey (ca. 1570-1619) invents the telescope.
1609: Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) discovers moons of Jupiter.
Congregation of Female Jesuits founded (dissolved by Pope Urban VIII)
Tea from China shipped for first time to Europe by Dutch East India company
1610: GALILEO (1564 - 1642), Astronomer, Improved the Telescope in 1610.
Henry IV of France assassinated; succeeded by his son Louis XIII (at 9) (-1643)
with queen Maria de' Medici as Regent (-1617)
Michael Praetorious: "Musae Sioniae," Collection of 1,244 church hymns
Thomas Harriott discovers sunspots
1611: The Authorized Version of The Bible [the King James Bible].
Dissolution of parliament by James I
William Byrd, John Bull, and Orlando Gibbons: "Parthenia" music for virginals
Marco de Dominis publishes scientific explanation of rainbow
1612 Last recorded burning of heretics in England
Frederico Barocci, Ital. painter, d. (b. 1528)
Giovanni Gabrieli Ital. composer d. (b. 1557)
Orlando Gibbons: "First Set of Madrigals and Motets"
Andreas Hammerschmidt, Ger. composer b. (d. 1675)
Tobacco planted in Virginia
1613: Monteverdi appointed maestro di cappela, St. Mark’s, Venice.
Michael Romanov elected czar of Russia thus founding the House of Romanov
Fire destroys Globe Theatre, Southwark, London
1614 James I's second Parliament "Addled Parliament"meets, refuses to discuss finance,
and is dissolved
Sir Walter Raleigh "The History of the World"
El Greco Cretan-Span. painter, d. (b. 1541)
Salzburg Cathedral built by Santino Salari (-1680)
The North American Pocahontas, an Indian princess, marries John Rolfe; from their
son descend many celebrated persons
1615 Cervantes "Don Quixote," Part 2
George Chapman completes his translation of Homer's "Odyssey"
Inigo Jones becomes England's chief architect
Galileo Galilei faces the Inquisition for first time
1616: Inigo Jones (1573-1652), builds Queen’s House, Greenwich introduction of Italian style of Palladian architecture.
1616 Sir Walter Raleigh released from Tower to lead expedition to Guiana in search of El Dorado
Miguel de Cervantes d. (b. 1547)
William Shakespeare d. (b. 1564)
Johann Jakob Froberger, Ger. Organist and composer, b. (d. 1667)
First rounding of Cape Horn by Willem Schouter and Jacob Lemaire
Galileo prohibited by Catholic church from scientific work
Dutch astronomer and mathematician Willebrord Snellius discovers the law of refraction
1617 John Calvin's collected works published in Geneva
Papal bull of Leo X "Epistolae obscurorum virorum"
Heinrich Schutz made Kapellmeister of electoral chapel, Dresden (-1672)
Willebrord Snellius establishes technique of trigonometrical triangulation for cartography
Pocahontas, North American Indian princess, d. (1595)
"Stuart collars" become fashionable for men and women
1618-1648: Thirty-Years War; began with revolt in Bohemia. (Protestants revolt against Catholic oppression; Denmark, Sweden, and France will invade Germany in later phases of war.)
1618 Sir Walter Raleigh returns to England and is executed
Richelieu ordered into exile at Avignon for intriguing with Queen mother Maria de' Medici
Van Dyck becomes member of the Antwerp guild of painters
Guilio Caccini, Ital. composer and singer d. ("bel canto")
Kepler "Harmonices mundi" stating the third law of planetary motion
James I: "Book of sports" Puritans object to playing of popular sports
1619 Maria de' Medici challenges power of her son Louis XIII of France; Louis recalls
Richelieu from Avignon to prevent revolt and defeats Maria de' Medici
Richard Burbage, Eng. actor, d. (b. 1567)
"Fitzwilliam Virginal Book" compiled by Francis Tregian; a treasury of early Eng.
keyboard music
Heinrich Schutz: "Psalms"
William Harvey announces at St. Bartholomew's hospital, in London, the
discovery of the circulation of the blood
First black slaves arrive in Virginia on Dutch ships.
1620: Pilgrims land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Revolt of Fr. Nobles against Louis XIII; Richelieu makes peace, reconciling the Queen to her son
Thomas Campion, Eng. Poet and musician d. (1567)
Monteverdi "Seventh book of Madrigals"
Micheal Praetorius "Syntagman Musicum" musical encyclopedia
Oliver Cromwell denounced due to his participation in the "disreputable game of cricket
1621 Francis Bacon, charged in Parliament with corruption, pardoned by King
Huguenot rebellion against Louis XIII
Fortune Theatre in London Burnt down
Michael Praetorius, Ger. composer and musicologist d. (b. 1571)
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch musician, d. (b. 1562)
John Carver, Pilgrim father, first governor of Plymouth Colony d. (b. 1576)
Dutch West India Company chartered; later acquired N. American coast from
Chesapeake Bay to Newfoundland
Johann Kepler: "The Epitome of the Copernican Astronomer" banned by the Roman Catholic Church
1622 Treaty of Montpellier ends rebellion of the Huguenots
Moliere (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin) Fr. dramatist b. (d. 1673)
Henry Vaughan, Eng. mystic and poet, b. (d. 1695)
William Kalf, Dutch painter, b. (d. 1693)
Edmund Gunter discovers that the magnetic needle does not retain same declination in same place all the time
Papal chancellery adopts Jan. 1 as beginning of the year- up to then, Mar 25
1623 Blaise Pascal, Fr. Philosopher and mathematician b. (d. 1662)
William Byrd, Eng. composer d. (b. 1543)
Marc Antonio Cesti Ital. composer b. (d. 1669)
Patent law in England to protect inventors
1624 Cardinal Richelieu made first minister of France (-1642)
Thomas Middleton: "A Game of Chess" comedy, given at the Globe theatre nine times- first "long run" in theatrical history
Jakob Bohme, Ger. mystic d. (b. 1575)
Guarino Guarini, Ital. architect and writer, b. (d. 1683)
1625 James I of England (James VI of Scotland) d.; succeeded by Charles I of England and Scotland (-1649)
Order of Sisters of Mercy founded in Paris by Vincent de Paul
John Webster, Eng. dramatist, d. (b. 1580)
Orlando Gibbons, Eng. musician d. (b. 1583)
Famous peal of bells installed in the Gate of Salvation, Kremlin, Moscow
Hackney coaches appear in streets of London
Introduction of full-bottomed wigs in Europe
French establish trading settlements in the Caribbean-export sugar and tobacco.
1626 Knighthood for all Englishmen with property over 40 lyra year, to help king's revenue
Francis Bacon, Eng. Philosopher and statesman d. (b. 1561)
Facade of St. Peter's, Rome, finished, consecrated by Pope Urban VIII
Giovanni Legrenzi, Ital. composer b. (d. 1690)
Santorio Santorio, Ital. Physician, measures human temperature with the thermometer for the first time
A royal edict condemns anyone to death who kills his adversary in a duel in France
Island of Manhattan purchased from Indian chiefs for about $24
1627 Alessandro Tassoni "Manifesto" attacks the House of Savoy
Heinrich Schutz "Dafne" first Ger. Opera libretto by Martin Opitz
Lodovico Viadan, Ital. Composer, d. (b. 1564)
Johann Kepler compiles the Rudolphine Tables, giving places of 1,005 fixed stars
1628: William Harvey (1578-1657) discovers circulation of the blood.
John Bunyan, Eng. author, b. (d. 1688)
Ignatius Loyola canonized by Pope Gregory XV
Taj Mahal build, Agra, (1650)
John Bull, Eng. composer d. (b. 1562)
Robert Cambert Fr. composer b. (d. 1677)
1629 Charles I dissolves Parliament- does not meet again until 1640
Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter, b. (d. 1683)
1630 Beginning of the High Baroque period in Italy (-1680)
Johann Hermann Schein, Ger. composer d. (b. 1586)
Johann Kepler, Ger. astronomer d. (b. 1571)
Beginning of public advertising in Paris
more than 1000 Puritans settle in Massachusetts.
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, invades Holy Roman Empire to protect protestant states.
1631: In 1631, the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams, and his wife arrived in Boston from England.
Maria de' Medici exiled to Brussels, joining forces with her son Gaston, to bring about Richelieu's fall
John Donned Eng. poet d. (b. 1572)
Michael Drayton Eng. poet d. (b. 1563)
John Dryden Eng. dramatist b. (d. 1700)
Philipp Dulichious Ger. composer d. (b. 1562)
Eng. mathematician William Oughtred proposes symbol "X" for multiplication
Earthquakes in Naples ; eruption of Vesuvius
1632 Giovanni Battista Basile Ital. poet and writer of fairy tales d. (b. 1575)
Thomas Dekker Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1570)
John Locke Eng. philosopher b. (d. 1704)
Baruch Spinoza Dutch philosopher b. (b. 1677)
Luca Giordano Ital. painter b. (d. 1705)
Nicolaes Maes Dutch painter b. (d. 1693)
Van Dyck made court painter to Charles I
Jan Vermeer Dutch painter b. (d. 1675)
Christopher Wren Eng. architect b. (d. 1723)
Jean Baptiste Lully, Fr.-Ital. composer b. (d. 1687)
Monteverdi takes holy orders
First coffee shop opens in London
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Dialogues Concerning Two World Systems, presents evidence for heliocentric solar system.
Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore.
1633: Inquisition forces Galileo to retract his views.
Charles I crowned King of Scotland in Edinburgh
First Baptist church formed at Southwark London
Jacob Peri Ital. composer and inventor of the recitative d. (b. (1561)
1634 George Chapman Eng. author d. (b. 1559)
Marie Madeleine de La Fayette Fr. novelist b. (d. 1693)
Anne Huthchinson (1591-1643) religious controversialist migrates to Mass.
Adam Krieger Ger. composer b. (d. 1666)
1635 George Etherege Eng. dramatist b. (d. 1691)
Philippe Quinault Eng. dramatist b. (1688)
Thomas Randolph Eng. poet d. (b. 1605)
Alessandro Tassoni Ital. poet d. (b. 1563)
Daniel Caspar von Lohenstein Ger. poet b. (d. 1683)
Jascques Callot Fr. Painter d. (b. 1592)
Philippe de Champaigne "Portrait of Richelieu"
Frescobaldi "Fiori musicali di toccate" which influenced J.S. Bach
Robert Hooke Eng. physician b. (d. 1703)
Marquise de Maintenon consrot of Louis XIV b. (d. 1703)
Speed limit on hachney coaches in London 3 mph
1636 Manchus proclaim the Ch'ing Dynasty at Mukden
Italian Fedeli Company performs Commedia dell' arte at the Fr. court
Joseph Glanvill Eng. philosopher, b. (d. 1680)
Rembrandt "Portrait of an 83 year old woman"
Harvard college founded
Tea appears for first time in Paris
1637 Ben Jonson Eng. poet and dramatist d. (b. 1572)
Extermination of Christianity in Japan; prohibition of foreign books; European contact prohibited
Introduction of new liturgy into Scotland causes riots
Dietrich Buxtehude, Dan. composer b. (d. 1707)
Teatro San Cassiano, first public opera house opens in Venice
Rene Descartes "Geometrie"
Daniel Sennert Ger. scientist who formulated the conception of the "Atom" d. (b.1572)
Commercial collapse of Dutch tulip trade
1638 The future Louis XIV b. (d. 1715)
Nicolas Malebranche Fr. philosopher b. (d. 1715)
Monteverdi "Eighth Book of Madrigals"
Anne Hutchinson banished from Boston and sets up community in Rhode Island
Torture abolished in England
1639 Juan Ruiz de Alarcon Span dramatist d. (b. 1581)
Racine Fr. dramatist b. (d. 1699)
Marco Marazzoli and Vergilio mazzochi "Chi soffre, spreri," first comic opera
Jeremiah Horrocks observes the transit of Venus which he had predicted
Quinine increasingly used for medicinal purposes
First printing press in N America at Cambridge Mass.
France enters Thirty-Years War.
1640 Short Parliament and Long Parliament in England
Paul Fleming Ger. poet d. (b. 1609)
John Ford Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1583)
Philip Massinger Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1583)
William Wycherley Eng. dramatist b. (d. 1716)
John Eliot: Bay Psalm Book, oldest surviving book printed in America
Peter Paul Rubens d. (b. 1577)
John Bull Eng. composer d. (b. 1585)
Coke made from coal for the first time
1641 Thomas Wentworth, the King's chief adviser, beheaded
Massacre of the Ulster Protestants; Catholic rebellion in Ireland
Rene Descartes "Meditations metaphysiques"
Anthony Van Dyck d. (b. 1599)
Arsenic prescribed for medicinal purposes for first time
Theophraste Renaudot publishes his plan for free medical treatment of needy in Paris, three years later faculty of medicine forbids him to practice
1642 English Civil War begins with the raising of royal standards at Nottingham
All theaters in England closed by order of Puritans (-1660)
Christian Weise Ger. dramatist b. (d. 1708)
Marco da Gagliano Ital. composer d. (b. 1575)
Galileo Galilei d. (b. 1564)
Isaac Newton Eng. mathematician and natural philosopher b. (d. 1727)
Income and property tax introduced in England
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669), "The Night Watch".
Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine.
1642-1646: English Civil War.
1643: Taj Mahal is completed in India (considered one of the 8 wonders of the world).
Louis XIII of France d; succeeded by his five year old son Louis XIV (1715)
Moliere founds "Illustre Theatre" in Paris ("Theatre de la Comedie Francaise" from 1689)
Girolamo Frescobaldi Ital. composer d. (b. 1583)
Claudio Monteverdi Ital. composer d. (b. 1567)
Italian physicist Evagelista Torricelli invents the barometer
Coffee drinking becomes popular in Paris
Parcel post established in France
1644 Ming dynasty in China ends, Manchu dynasty in power (-1912)
William Penn, Eng. Quaker and colonizer b. (d. 1718)
Abraham a Sancta Clara Vianese preacher and satirist b. (d. 1709)
John Milton "Areopagitica" for the freedom of the press
Pope Urban VIII d; Giovanni Battista Pamfili becomes Pope Innocent X (-1655)
Last age of fine China porcelain
Antonio Stradivari Ital. violin maker b. (d. 1737)
Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber Ger. composer b. (d. 1704)
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680), The Ecstasy of St. Teresa.
1645 Lully made violinist at Fr. court
Mazarin calls a Venetian opera company to Paris
1646 English civil war ends with surrender of Oxford to Roundheads
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Ger. philosopher b. (d. 1716)
Johann Strobaeus Ger. composer, d. ( b. 1580)
German Mathematician Althanasius Kircher constructs the first projection lantern
1647 English Civil war: Charles I taken prisoner and restores Presbyterianism
Pierre Bayle Fr. Philosopher b. (d. 1706)
Calvanists acknowledged by Lutherans as co-religionists
Pelham Humfrey Eng. composer b. (d. 1674)
Francesco Cavalieri Ital. astronomer and mathematician d. (b. (1598)
Evangelista Torricelli Ital. physicists d. (b. 1608)
Yellow fever in Barbados
1647-1659: French-Spanish war.
1648 English Civil war: Parliament votes to bring Charles I to trial
George Fox founds the Society of Friends (Quakers)
Aria and Recitative become two distinct unities in opera
John Blow English musician b. (d. 1708)
Population of Germany has sunk from 17 million in 1618 to 8 million owing to war, famine, and plague
Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty-Years War (Population of Germany has sunk from 17 million in 1618 to 8 million owing to war, famine, and plague).
1649 Trial of Charles I opens (Jan 19)
Charles I beheaded (Jan 30)
England declares a Commonwealth
Maryland Assembly passes the act of toleration, professing belief in the Holy trinity
In Great Britain English becomes the language of all legal documents in place of Latin
Giuseppe Torelli Ital. composer b. (d. 1708)
1650 Phineas Fletcher English poet d. (b. 1582)
Beginning of modern development of Jap "Noh" drama
Rene Descartes d. (b. 1596)
Beginning of modern harmony; development of modulation
The overture as musical form emerges in two types Italian and French
Christoph Scheiner Ger. astronomer Jesuit and opponent of Galileo d. (b. 1575)
Beginning of the extermination of N American Indian
Tea first drunk in England
1651 Charles II crowned King of Scots; flees to France after his defeat by Cromwell at Worcester
Parliament votes for release of Conde, Fronde leader; Mazarin forced to leave
Paris; the queen forced to ally herself with the Fronde against him.
King Louis XIV attains majority
English Navigation Act directed against the Dutch, gives English ships monopoly of foreign trade
First public "Comedy-house" opened in Vienna
Balthasar Permoser, Ger. sculptor b. (d. 1732)
Heinrich Albert Ger. composer d. (b. 1604)
The young Louis XIV of France appears as a dancer in a court ballet
Nell Gwyn Eng. actress b. (d. 1687)
1652 Provisional Fronde government set up in Paris
Louis XIV reestablishes lawful government, recalling Mazarin
Thomas Otway Eng. dramatist b. (d. 1685)
Nahum Tate Eng. poet laureate b. (d. 1715)
Inigo Jones Eng. architect d. (b. 1573)
The minuet comes into fashion at Fr. court
First opera house in Vienna
George Fox (1624-1691) establishes the Society of Friends (Quakers).
1653 James Nylor Eng. Quaker recognized by some as the new Messiah
Arcangelo Corelli Ital. composer b. (d. 1713)
Johann Pachelbel Ger. composer and organist b. (d. 1706)
Theophrastye Renaudot Fr. physician and philanthropist d. (b. 1568)
"Armamntarium chirurgicum" work of Ger. surgeon Johann Schultes on surgical instruments and procedures
1654 Coronation of Louis XIV at Rheims
Samuel Scheidt Ger. composer and organist d. (b. 1587)
Jacques Bernoulli Swiss mathematician b. (d. 1705)
Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat state the theory of probability
1654-1667: Russian-Polish war; Russia captures the Ukraine.
1655 Cromwell dissolves parliament and divides England into 11 districts each with a major general as governor; prohibits Anglican services
Daniel Heinsius Dutch author d. (1580)
Oliver Cromwell readmits Jews into England
Pierre Gassendi Fr. philosopher and scientist d. (b. 1592)
Pope Innocent X d; Favio Chigi becomes Pope Alexander VII
Christian Thomasius Ger. philosopher b. (d. 1728)
Sigmund Gottlieb Staden Ger. composer and organist d. (b. 1607)
1656 Spinoza excommunicated
Rembrandt declared bankrupt; his possessions are put up for sale
Jan van Goyen Dutch painter, d. (b. 1596)
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach Aust. architect b. (d. 1723)
Opening of first London opera house
Edmund Halley Eng. astronomer b. (d. 1742)
Thomas Wharton describes anatomy of glands
Hospital general Paris opens combing hospital, poorhouse, and factory
Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) begins development of pendulum clock.
1657 Oliver Cromwell rejects offer of title "king"
Creation of new house of Lords increases Cromwell's power
Bernard de Fontenelle Fr. author b. (d. 1757)
John Dennis Eng. dramatist and critic b. (d. 1734)
Le Sieur Saunier "L encyclopedie de beaux esprits" believed to be first reference book with encyclopedia in the title
Frans Snyder Dutch painter d. (b. 1579)
Michel de Lalande Fr. composer and organist b. (d. 1726)
Dutch scientist Christian Hygens designs first pendulum for clocks
Manasseh ben Israel Jewish leader d. (b. 1604)
First stockings and fountain pens manufactured in Paris
1658 Cromwell dissolves Parliament
Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, and succeeds him as Mogul Emperor
Oliver Cromwell succeeded as Lord Protector by his son Richard
Richard Lovelace Eng. poet d. (b. 1618)
Robert Hooke naturalist and philosopher invents the balance spring for watches
1659 Richard Cromwell resigns
Henry Purcell Eng. composer b. (d. 1695)
Alessandro Scarlatti Ital. composer b. (d. 1725)
Eng. Physician Thomas Willis describes first typhoid fever
1660 Parliament invites Charles II to return to England
The future King George I b. (d. 1727)
Louis XIV of France marries maria Teresa, Infanta of Spain
Actresses on Ger. and Eng. stages
Patents granted for reopening of London theaters
Paul, Scarron Fr. author d. (b. 1610)
Velazquez d. (b. 1599)
Cavalli "Serse" opera for the marriage of Louis XIV
Johann Joseph Fux Aust. Composer and music theorist b. (d. 1741)
Water closets arrive from France in England
1661 Cardinal Mazarin d; Louis XIV begins his personal rule
Coronation of Charles II
Sir William Davenant poet and dramatist opens Lincoln's Inn theatre London (First to have the proscenium arch) with "Hamlet"
Daniel Defoe Eng. author b. (d. 1731)
Acadaemie Royale de Danse founded by Louis XIV
Robert Boyle "The Skeptical Chymist" with definitions of chemical elements
John Evelyn "Fumifugiom, or the The Inconveniance of the Air and Smoke of London Dissipated" and early attack on air pollution
Louis XIV crowned King of France.
1662 The future Mary II Queen of England wife of William III b.
Act of Uniformity give assent to revised English prayer book
Blaise Pascal Fr. philosopher d. (b. 1623)
Andre Le Notre designs park and gardens of Versailles
Louis XIV begins to build palace of Versailles; he makes Charles Lebrun his chief artistic adviser
Mattheus Daniel Poppelmann ger architect b. (d. 1728)
1663 The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane London opens
Cotton Mather, Massachusetts writer and witch hunter b. (d. 1728
James Clifford "The Divine Services and Anthems" first collection of word of anthems published in London
Guericke constructs a frictional electrical machine
John Newton discovers the binomial theorem
Dan Physician Niolaus Steno teaches "The heart is a muscle"
Robert ("King") Carter, powerful, Virginia planter b. (d. 1732); ancestor of 6 presidents of the US
1664 Moliere "Le Tartuffe"
Matthew Prior English poet b. (d. 1721)
Andreas Schluter Ger. architect b. (d. 1714)
John Vanbrugh English architect and dramatist b. (d. 1726)
Christopher Wren; Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford
Francisco de Zurbaran Span painter d. (b. 1598)
French horn becomes an orchestral instrument
Heinrich Schutz "Christmas Oratorio" Dresden
Fr. Furniture prevails in European palaces and castles
Introduction of large periwig style
English capture New Amsterdam from Dutch (rename it New York).
1664-1666: Isaac Newton, English mathematician (1642-1727) develops laws of gravity.
1665 Anne future Queen of Great Britain b. (d. 1714)
English law and administration introduced into New York
Samuel Coster Dutch dramatist d. (b. 1579)
Five Mile Act puts restrictions on Nonconformist ministers
Giuseppe Aldrovandini Ital. composer b. (d. 1707)
Giovanni Cassini determines rotations of Jupiter, Mars, and Venus
Francis Grimaldi explains diffraction of light
Robert Hooke "Micrographia" on the microscope
Isaac Newton experiments on gravitation; invents differential calculus
Great Plague of London begins (July-Oct) killing 68,595
1666 France and the Dutch declare war on England
Frans Hals Dutch painter d. (b. 1580)
Francois Mansart Fr. architect d. (b. 1598)
Adam Krieger Ger. composer d. (b. 1634)
Antonio Stradivari labels his first violin
Isaac Newton measures the moon's orbit
First cheddar cheese
Great fire of London Sept 2-6
Newton discovers the spectrum.
French AcadÈmie Royale des sciences founded.
1667: John Milton, English author (1608-1674), Paradise Lost.
Secret treaty between Louis XIV and Charles II against Spain
Anne of Austria mother of Louis XIV d. (b. 1602)
Pope Alexander VII d; Giulio Rospigliosi becomes Pope Clement IX (-1670)
Francesco Borromini Ital. sculptor and architect d. (b. 1599)
Johann Jakob Froberger Ger. composer d. (b. 1616)
Fr. army uses hand grenades
1668 Alliance of the Hague signed by English and Dutch
Brit East India Company obtains control of Bombay
Sir William Davenant Eng. poet and dramatist d. (b. 1606)
Giovanni Battista Vico Ital. philosopher b. (d. 1744)
Francois Couperin Fr. composer b. (d. 1733)
1669: Royal Academy of Music founded, Paris.
Marc Antonio Cesti Ital. composer d. (b. 1623)
Outbreak of cholera in China
1670 Treaty of Dover between England and France
First Ital. "commedia dell' arte" companies appear in Germany
Cardinal Emilio Altieri (b. 1590) becomes Pope Clement X
Louis Le Vau Fr. architect d. (b. 1612)
Ital. scientist Giovanni Borelli attempts to use artificial wings for flying
Eng. Physician Thomas Willis described for first time typical symptoms of diabetes
Louis XIV's Minister of War introduces uniforms and paper cartridges in Fr. army
First minute hands on watches
Hudson Bay Company founded (English).
1671: Newton invents the reflecting telescope.
Leibniz (1646-1716) invents an adding machine.
First Bible edition in Arabic printed in Rome
3rd Earl of Shaftesbury Eng. philosopher b. (d. 1713)
Francesco (son of Antonio) Stradivari Ital. violin maker b. (d. 1743)
Leibniz defines nature and existence of ether
Rob Roy, Scot. highwayman b. (d. 1734)
1672 Czar Peter the great b. (d. 1725)
Joseph Addison Eng. poet and essayist b. (s 1719)
John Webb Eng. architect d. (b. 1611)
Heinrich Schutz Ger. composer d. (b. 1585)
Flexible hose for use in fighting fires constructed by Jan van der Heyde and his son
1673: Jacques Marquette (1637-1675) and Louis Joliet (1648-1700) explore Mississippi River (French). These men also just explore the Missouri River and South Dakota at this time as well.
Moliere d. shortly after presentation of his "Malade imaginaire" (b. 1622)
Christopher Wren knighted
Buxtehude begins at Lubeck his famous "Abendmusiken" concerts
1674 Jean Chapelain Fr. poet d. (b. 1585)
Milton "Paradise Lost"
Milton, John d. (b. 1608)
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane London rebuilt after the fire and reopened
Thomas Traherne Eng. poet d. (b. 1638)
Isaac Watts Eng. hymn writer, b. (d. 1748)
Philippe de Champaigne Fr. painter d. (b. 1602)
Giacomo Carissimi Ital. composer d. (b. 1605)
Reinhard Keiser Ger. opera composer b. (d. 1739)
Richard ("Beau") Nash, Eng. dandy b. (d. 1762)
1675 Charles II of England receives 500,000 crowns from Louis XIV and is able to prorogue Eng. Parliament for 15 months
Spinoza finishes his "Ethics" (begun 1662)
Thomas Traherne "Christian Ethics"
Andreas Hammerschmidt Ger. church composer d. (b. 1612)
Antonio Vivaldi Ital. composer b. (d. 1741)
Leibniz invents differential and integral calculus
Isaac Newton "Opticks"
Ger. astronomer Olaus Romer discovers the finite velocity of light
Paris becomes the center of European culture
Beginning of Construction of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London; architect, Christopher Wren (1632-1723); establishment of Greenwich Observatory (Building designed by Wren).
Olaus Roemer (1644-1720) calculates speed of light.
1676 Robert Walpole Eng. statesman b. (d. 1745)
Pope Clement X d; Benedetto Odescalchi becomes Pope Innocent XI (- 1689)
Paul Gerhardt Ger. hymn writer d. (b. 1607)
Francesco Cavalli ital opera composer d. (b. 1602)
Influenza epidemic in England
Legal protection of Sabbath observance in England
1677 Angelus Silesius Ger. mystic and poet d. (b. 1624)
Spinoza Dutch-Jewish philosopher d. (b. 1632)
Robert Cambert Fr. opera composer d. (b. 1628)
Isaac Barrow Eng. mathematician d. (b. 1630)
Ice cream becomes popular as dessert in Paris
Jean Baptiste Racine, playright (1639-1699), PhËdre.
1678: Vivaldi is born in
Venice.
"Popish Plot" in England revealed; trials of many leading Roman Catholics
Roman Catholics in England excluded from both Houses of Parliament
George Farquher, Ir dramatist b. (d. 1707)
Andrew Marvell Eng. poet d. (b. 1621)
John Bunyan "The Pilgrim's Progress" part I
Jacob Jordaens Dutch painter d. (b. 1593)
Import of all Fr. goods to England prohibited (-1685)
1679 Joost van den Vondel Dutch author d. (b. 1587)
Thomas Hobbes Eng. philosopher d. (b. 1588)
Jan Steen Dutch painter d. (b. 1626)
1680 Samuel butler Eng. satirist d. (b. 1612)
Comedie Francaise formed by merging Theatre Guenegaud Paris, with Theatre de
Hotel de Bourgogne
Francois de La Rochefoucauld Fr. moralist d. (b. 1613)
Gian Lorenzo Bernini Ital. architect d. (b. 1598)
Jules Hardouin-Mansart: Chapel des Invalides, Paris (-1719)
Sir Peter Lely Eng. painter d. (b. 1617)
First ballets arrive in Germany from France
Dodo, flightless bird of the Raphidae family, extinct
1681 Female professional dancers appear for first time at the Paris Opera
Georg Philipp Telemann Ger. composer b. (d. 1767)
First checks in England
1682 58,000 Fr. Huguenots forced to conversion
Claude Lorraine Fr. painter d. (b. 1600)
Murillo Span painter d. (b. 1617)
Jacob van Ruisdael Dutch painter d. (b. 1628)
Jean Picard Fr. astronomer d. (b. 1620)
Versailles becomes royal residence (-1789)
Pennsylvania colony founded by William Penn.
1683: Turks besiege Vienna.
Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II discovered.
The future King George II of England b. (d. 1760)
Spain declares war on France
Peace treaty between William Penn and N American Indians
Elijah Fenton Eng. poet b. (d. 1730)
Izaak Walton Eng. author d. (b. 1593)
Pieter de Hooch Dutch painter d. (b. 1629)
Guarino Guarini Ital. architect d. (b. 1624)
Jean Philippe Rameau Fr. composer b. (d. 1764)
Eng. Navigator William Dampier begins voyage round the world
Newton explains mathematical theory on tides under gravitational attraction of the sun, moon, and earth
Wild boars become extinct in Great Britain
1683-1689: Russia at war with China.
1684 Louis XIV, after death of Queen Maria Theresa, marries Mme. De Maintenon
John Bunyan "Pilgrim's Progress" part 2
Ludvig Holberg Dan. dramatist b. (d. 1754)
93 Jewish families expelled from Bordeaux
Jean Antoine Watteau Fr. painter b. (d. 1721)
Nicolo Amati d. (b. 1596)
First attempts in London to light the streets
1685 Charles II of England d; succeeded by his brother James II (-1688)
All Chin. ports opened to foreign trade
John Gay author of "The Beggar's Opera" b. (d. 1732)
Thomas Otway Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1652)
George Berkeley Ir philosopher b. (d. 1753)
Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes (1598), exiles thousands of Fr. Protestants
J.S. Bach, Ger. composer b. (d. 1750)
George Fredrick Handel Ger-Eng. composer b. (d. 1759)
Domenico Scarlatti Ital. composer b. (d. 1757)
James II crowned King of England.
1686 Roman Catholics readmitted to Eng. army
Allan Ramsay Scot. poet b. (d. 1758)
Julie Hardouin-Mansart: Notre Dame, Versailles
Jean Baptiste Oudry Fr. painter b. (d. 1739)
Nicola Porpora Ital. composer b. (d. 1766)
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit Fr. physicist b. (d. 1736)
Halley draws first meteorological map
Maison St. Cyr founded by Louis XIV and Mme de Maintenon as convent school for daughters of poor gentlefolk
1687 Balthasar Neumann Ger. architect b. (d. 1739)
Lully d. (b. 1632)
Nell Gwyn actress and Charles II's mistress d. (b. 1651)
1688 John Bunyan Eng. author d.
Pierre de Marivaux Fr. dramatist b. (d. 1763)
Alexander Pope Eng. poet b. (d. 1744)
Philippe Quinault Fr. dramatist d. (b. 1635)
Joachim Sandrart Ger. art historian and painter d. (b. 1606)
Domenico Zipoli Ital. composer and organist b. (d. 1726)
Smyrna destroyed by earthquake
1689 Parliament confirms abdication of James II
Declaration of Rights in England, William and Mary proclaimed King and Queen
for life (also in Scotland) crowned
Louis XIV declares war on Great Britain
Ger. diet declares war on France
Heidelberg Castle destroyed by the French
Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia.
1689-1697: French-English war in North America (King
William’s War).
1690: John Locke
(1632-1704), An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
British establish trading post at Calcutta, India.
Joseph I elected King of the Romans
Spain joins Great Alliance against France
Nicolas Lancret Fr. painter b. (d. 1745)
Charles Lebru Fr. architect d. (b. 1619)
Daved Teniers the Younger Dutch painter d. (b. 1610)
Giovanni Legrenzi Ital. opera composer d. (b. 1626)
Fr. engineer Denis Papin devises pump with piston raised by steam
England's population approx 5 mill
1691 Sir George Etherege Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1635)
Pope Alexander VIII d; Antonio Pignatelli becomes Pope Innocent XII (-1700)
Robert Boyle Eng. philosopher and physicist d. (b. 1627)
Andreas Werckmeister "Musikalische Temperatur"
1692 Destruction of Fr. Navy by English at La Hogue ends attempted Fr. invasion of England
Carlo Gragoni Ital. poet b. (d. 1768)
Joseph Butler Eng. philosopher b. (d. 1752)
Edict of Toleration for Christians in China
Johann Michael Fischer Ger. architect b. (d. 1766)
Giuseppe Tartini Ital. composer and violinist b. (d. 1770)
1692-1693: Witchcraft trials, Salem, Mass.
1693 Carolina divided into N. and S. Carolina
Louis XIV begins his peace policy, reconciliation with the Vatican
National debt begins in England
George Lillo Eng. dramatist b. (d. 1739)
1694 Founding of the bank of England
Triennial Bill providing for new Parliamentary election every third year
Queen Mary II of England, wife of William III d
Francis Hutcheson Scot. philosopher b. (d. 1746)
Voltaire Fr. writer and philosopher b. (d. 1778)
1695 End of government press censorship in England
Johann Christian Gunther Ger. poet b. (d. 1723)
Henry Vaughan Eng. poet d. (b. 1622)
John Locke "The Reasonableness of Christianity"
Pierre Mignard Fr. painter d. (b. 1612)
Maurice Greene Eng. organist and composer b. (d. 1755)
Henry Purcell d. (b. 1659)
Window Tax in England (-1851)
1696 New coinage in England carried out by John Locke and Isaac Newton
Eng. Habeas Corpus Act suspended
Mme de Sevigne d. (b. 1626)
Alphonsus di Liguori Ital. Catholic philosopher b. (d. 1787; canonized 1839)
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo Ital. painter b. (d. 1770)
Thomas Savery (1650-1715) invents first practical steam engine.
1697 Richard savage Eng. author b. (d. 1743)
John Aubrey Eng. biographer d. (b. 1626)
Johann Joachim Quantz Ger. flautist and composer b. (d. 1773)
Court of Versailles becomes model for European courts
Whitehall Palace in London burnt down
1698 Rebellion of Czar Peter's praetorian guard in Moscow; leaders executed
Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau introduces goose-stepping and iron ramrods in Prussian army
Marie Champmele Fr. actress d. (b. 1642)
Metastasio famous opera librettist b. (d. 1782)
Giovanni Battista Sammartini Ital. organist and composer b. (d. 1755)
Henry Baker Eng. naturalist b. (d. 1774)
Tax on beards in Russia
Mrs. White's Chocolate House opens in London, soon to become headquarters of the Tory Party
1699 Robert Blair Scot. poet b. (d. 1746)
Racine d. (b. 1639)
Johann Adolf Hase Ger. composer b. (d. 1783)
Peter the Great decrees that New Year in Russia will begin on Jan 1 instead of Sept
1700 Duke of Gloucester, only surviving child of Princess Anne d; succession to Eng. throne passes to the Electress Sophia of Hanover, mother of the electoral prince, the future George I
Development of the Kabuki Theater in Japan
Approx. beginning of late baroque period (-1715)
Bartolomeo Rastrelli Ital. Architect b. (d. 1771)
Joseph Sauveur measures and explains vibrations of musical tones
The commode becomes a popular piece of furniture
Unmarried women taxed in Berlin
John Blow, Amphion Anglicus, London.
1701 War of Spanish Succession begins (-1714)
Act of Settlement provides for Protestant succession in England of House of Hanover
Sir Charles Sedley Eng. author d. (b. 1640)
"Captain" William Kidd hanged for piracy(b. 1645)
1702 William III d; succeeded by Queen Anne (-1714)
Rebellion of Protestant peasants "Camisards" in Cevennes
Earliest form of Eng. pantomime given at Drury Lane, London
N.A. de Le Begue, Gr organist and composer d. (b. 1630)
Asiento Guinea company founded for slave trade between Africa and America
Queen Anne of England gives royal approval to horse racing, originates sweepstakes idea-racing for cash awards
1702-1713: War of the Spanish Succession; fighting in North America known as Queen Anne’s War.
1703 Samuel Pepys Eng. diarist d. (b. 1633)
John Wesley founder of Methodism b. (d. 1791)
Francois Boucher Fr. Painter b. (d. 1770)
Work begun on Buckingham Palace, London
Nicolas de Grigny Fr. composer d. (b. 1671)
1704 French and Indians massacre inhabitants of Deerfield, Conn.
John Locke Eng. philosopher d. (b. 1632)
Voltaire enters Jesuit college (-1710)
Maurice Quenin de Latour Fr. painter b. (d. 1788)
John Wood the Elder Eng. architect b. (d. 1754)
H.I.F. von Biber Ger. composer and violinist, d. (b. 1644)
Sir Roger L'Estrange Eng. journalist d. (b. 1616)
J.S. Bach 's first cantata.
1705: Edmond Halley (1656-1742) predicts cyclic return of Halley’s Comet.
His Majesty's Theatre opens in London
Thomas Birch Eng. historian b. (d. 1766)
Luca Giordano Ital. painter d. (b. 1632)
Young J.S. Bach walks 200 miles to Lubeck to hear the Abendmusiken directed by Buxtehude
Farinelli (Carlo Broschi) great Ital. castrato singer b. (d. 1782)
Jacque Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician d. (b. 1654)
John Ray Eng. naturalist d. (b. 1628)
1706 Benjamin Franklin Amer. Statesman b. (d. 1790)
John Evelyn Eng. diarist d. (b. 1620)
Michael Willmann Ger. painter d. (b. 1630)
Johann Pachelbel Ger. organist and composer d. (b. 1653)
1707: Act of Union (England & Scotland) creates country of Great Britain.
George Farquhar Eng. author b. (d. 1678)
Henry Fielding Eng. author b. (d. 1754)
Carlo Goldoni Venetian dramatist b. (d. 1793)
Jean Mabillon Fr. Benedictine scholar d. (b. 1632)
Dietrich Buxtehude Dan composer d. (b. 1637)
Handel in Venice; meeting with Domenico Scarlatti
Great Ger. organ builder Gottfried Silbermann builds first organ at Frauenstein
Sir John Floyer introduces counting of rate of pulse beats
Fr. engineer Denis Papin invents high-pressure boiler
Last eruption of Mount Fujiyama
1708 Lavina Fenton Eng. actress, later Duchess of Bolton b. (d. 1760)
Christian Weise Ger. dramatist d. (b. 1642)
Pompeo Batoni Ital. painter b. (d. 1787)
Jules Hardouin-Mansart Fr. architect d. (b. 1646)
John Blow Eng. composer d. (b. 1648)
1709 Samuel Johnson Eng. author b. (d. 1784)
First Russian prisoners sent to Siberia
First Copyright Act in Britain
Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano , makes 4 "gravicembali col piano e forte,"replacing the harpsichord as the keyboard standard over the next 50 years. Not like the present day piano.
1710 Future Louis XV King of France b. (d. 1774)
Thomas Betterton Eng. actor and dramatist d. (b. 1635)
Marie de Cargo Fr. ballet dancer b. (d. 1770)
Thomas Reid Scot. philosopher b. (d. 1796)
Thomas Augustine Arne Eng. composer b. (d. 1778)
Wilhelm Friedmann Bach, eldest son of Johann Sebastian, b. (d. 1784)
William Boyce Eng. composer b. (d. 1779)
Giovanni Battista Pergolesi Ital. composer b. (d. 1736)
1711 The Dauphin d; within one year his heir, the duke of Burgundy, the Duchess and their eldest son also die
Kitty Clive Eng. actress b. (d. 1785)
David Hume scot philosopher and historian b. (d. 1776)
Arther Devis Eng. painter b. (d. 1787)
Clarinet for first time in orchestra
Eng. trumpeter John Shore said to have invented to tuning fork
Handel moved to London; Rinaldo.
1712: Vivaldi (1678-1741), Concertos, op. 3.
William King Eng. author d. (b. 1663)
Christian Reuter Ger. poet b. (d. 1765)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Fr. philosopher and writer b. (d. 1778)
Francesco Guardi Ital. painter b. (d. 1793)
Giovanni Dominico Cassini Ital. astronomer d. (b. 1625)
Denis Papin Fr. physicist d. (b. 1647)
Last execution for witchcraft in England
Slave revolts in New York
1713 Pragmatic Sanction issued by the Emperor Charles VI states female right of succession in Hapsburg domains
Alison Cockburn Scot. poet b. (d. 1794)
Laurence Sterne Eng. novelist b. (d. 1768)
Denis Diderot Fr. philosopher b. (d. 1784)
Allan Ramsay Scot. painter b. (d. 1784)
Jacques Germain Soufflot Fr. architect b. (d. 1780)
Arcangelo Corelli Ital. composer d. (b. 1653)
School of Dance established at Paris Opera
Treaty of Utrecht (between English to Spain & French).
1714: Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) invents mercury thermometer.
Peace of Rastatt between France and the Holy Roman Empire
Queen Anned of England d; succeeded by George Louis Elector of Hanover and
King George I (-1727)
Jean Baptiste Pigalle Fr. sculptor b. (d. 1785)
Andreas Schluter Ger. architect d. (b. 1664)
Richard Wilson Eng. painter b. (d. 1782)
Karl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Bach's second son b. (d. 1788)
Fr. Surgeon Dominique Anel invents fine-pointed syringe for surgical purposes
D.G. Fahrenheit constructs mercury thermometer scale
Witch trials abolished in Prussia
1715 First parliament of George I opens
Louis XIV of France d; succeeded ny his great grandon (at 5) Louis XV (-1774) under regency of Duc d'Orleans
Nahume Tate poet d. (b. 1652)
Early beginnings of rococo
Vaudevilles popular musical comedies appear in Paris
1716 James III the "old pretender" leaves Great Britain lands in France
Thomas Gray Eng. poet b. (d. 1771)
William Wycherly Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1640)
Christian religious teaching prohibited in China
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Ger. philosopher d. (b. 1646)
1717 James III the "old pretender" forced to leave France
Peter the Great in Paris
Great Fr. actress Adrienne Lecouvreur appears for first time at the Comedie francaise
Horace Walpole Eng. statesman and man of letters b. (d. 1797)
Handel's "Water Music" first given on the Thames
Johann Stamitz, Bohemian composer violinist and conductor b. (d. 1757)
Inoculation against smallpox introduced in England by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
1718 Peter the Great has his son and heir, Alexis, murdered
England declares war on Spain
Nicholas Rowe Eng. poet and dramatist d. (b. 1674)
Voltaire imprisoned in the Bastille writes "Edipe" tragedy
Mariea Gaetana Agnesi Ital. mathematician and philosopher b. (d. 1799)
Johann Gottfried Muthel Ger. composer and organist b. (d. 1788)
William Penn Amer. Colonist d. (b. 1644)
1719 Ireland declared inseparable from England
Jesuits expelled from Russia
Leopold Mozart b. (d. 1787)
John Flamsteed Eng. astronomer d. (b. 1646)
Mme de Maintnon wife of Louis XIV d. (b. 1638)
James Figg first boxing champion of England keeps title 15 years
1720 Failure of John Law's Missisippi Company lead to French national bankruptcy
Samuel Foote Eng. dramatist and actor b. (d. 1777)
Bernardo Canaletto Ital. painter b. (d. 1780)
Wallpaper becomes popular in England
1720-1722: Spain occupies Texas.
1721: South Carolina becomes English Colony.
First smallpox inoculations, in North America.
William Collins Eng. poet b. (d. 1759)
Matthew Prior Eng. poet d. (b. 1664)
Tobias Smollett Eng. novelist b. (d. 1771)
Michele Angelo Conti elected Pope innocent XIII (-1724) in succession to Pope Clement XI
Barberina Campanini Ital. dancer b. (d. 1799)
Mme de Pompadour b. (d. 1764)
1722 John Burgoyne Eng. general and dramatist b. (d. 1792)
J.S. Bach "Das wohltemperierte Klavier" Vol 1
Brit Parliament forbids jounalists to report debates
Flora MacDonald Scot. heroine b. (d. 1790)
1723 Louis XV attains majority
Johann Christian Gunther Ger. poet d. (b. 1695)
Sir Godfrey Kneller Ger-Eng. painter d. (b. 1646)
Joshua Reynolds Eng. painter b. (d. 1792)
Sir Christopher Wren Eng. architect d. (b. 1632)
1724 Pope Innocent III d; Pierro Francesco Orsini becomes Pope Benedict XIII (-1730)
Immanuel Kant Ger. philosopher b. (d. 1804)
Gin drinking becomes popular in Great Britain
1725 Peter the Great of Russia d. ; succeeded by his wife Catherine (-1727)
Alexander Pope: "The Odyssey" of Homer translated
Jean Baptiste Greuze Fr. painter b. (d. 1805)
J.J. Fux "Gradus ad Parnassum" treatise on counterpoint
Alessandro Scarlatti Ital. composer d. (b. 1659)
Cassanova Ital. adventurer and author b. (d. 1798)
1726 Jeremy Collier Eng. author d. (b. 1650)
Jonathan Swift "Gulliver's Travels"
John Vanbrugh Eng. dramatist and architect d. (b. 1664)
Voltaire banished from France flees to England (-1729)
Charles Burney Eng. music historian b. (d. 1814)
Handel becomes Brit subject
La Camargo Fr. ballerina makes debut at Paris Opera
Rameau "Nouveau systeme de musique theorique"
James Hutton Eng. geologist b. (d. 1797)
1727 Catherine Russ. Czarina d; Peter II grandson of Peter the Great becomes Czar
George I of England d; succeeded by his son George II (-1760)
Hester Chapone Eng. writer b. (d. 1791)
Francesco Bertolozzi Ital. artist b. (d. 1815)
Giovanni Gattista Cipriani Ital. artist b. (d. 1785)
Francesco Gasparini ital composer d. (b. 1668)
Isaac Newton d. (b. 1642)
Quakers demand abolition of slavery
1727-1728: Anglo-Spanish War; England’s possession of Gibraltar confirmed, 1729.
1728 Thomas Warton Eng. poet laureate b. (d. 1790)
Robert Adam Scot. architect b. (d. 1792)
Anton Raphael Mengs Ger. artist b. (d. 1779)
John Gay "Beggar's Opera"
Nicola Piccini Ital. composer b. (d. 1800)
James Cook Eng. navigator and explorer b. (d. 1779)
1729 Future Czarina of Russia Catherine the Great b. at Stettin (d. 1796)
Treaty of Seville between France, Spain, and England
Clara Reve Eng. novelist b. (d. 1807)
Richard Steele Eng. author d. (b. 1672)
Moses Mendelssohn Ger-Jewish philosopher b. (d. 1786)
J.S. Bach "St Matthew Passion
North Carolina becomes English Colony.
1730 Czar Peter of Russia d; succeeded by Anne daughter of Czar Ivan (-1740)
Elijah Fenton Eng. poet d. (b. 1683)
Anne Oldfield Eng. actress d. (b. 1683)
Pope Benedict XIII d; Cardinal Lorenzo Corsini becomes Pope Clement XII (-1740)
John and Charles Wesley found Methodist sect at Oxford
Rococo in its fullest form
Reduction of slavery in China under the Emperor Yung Cheng
1731 Treaty of Vienna between England, Holland, Spain, and the Holy Roman Emperor
Charles Churchill Eng. poet b. (d. 1764)
Ramon de la Cruz Span dramatist b. (d. 1794)
Katharina Elisabeth Textor Goethe's mother b. (d. 1808)
Girolamo Tiraboschi Ital. author b. (d. 1794)
Building of State House, Philadelphia, designed by Andrew Hamilton later named Independence Hall
Erasmus Darwin Eng. scientist and poet b. (d. 1802)
1732 George Washington b. (d. 1799) in Virginia
John Gay Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1685)
Covent Gardens Opera House, London, opened
Franz Joseph Haydn b. (d. 1809)
Benjamin Franklin "Poor Richard's Almanack" issued (-1757)
Georgia chartered as prison colony.
1733 France declares war against Emperor Charles
VI
Johann Zoffany Ger-Eng. painter b. (d. 1810)
Couperin d. (1668)
Franz Anton Mesmer Aust. physician b. (d. 1815)
1734 John Dennis Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1657)
The Koran translated into English by Georg Sale
George Romney Eng. painter b. (d. 1802)
James Thornhill Eng. painter d. (b. 1676)
Voltaire, author (1694-1778), Lettres philosophiques.
1735 John Adams 2nd president of the United States b. (d. 1826)
Paul Revere Amer. patriot b. (d. 1818)
Johann Christian Bach, Bach's youngest son b. (d. 1782)
1736 Patrick Henry Amer. Revolutionary leader b. (d. 1799)
James Macpherson Scot. poet b. (d. 1796)
English statutes against witchcraft repealed
Jean-Jacques de Boissieu Fr. painter b. (d. 1810)
Pergolesi d. (b. 1710)
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit Ger. physicist d. (b. 1686)
James Watt Scot. inventor b. (d. 1819)
1737 Frances Abington Eng. actress b. (d. 1815)
Licensing Act restricts number of London theaters, and all plays before public performances to be subjected to censorship of Lord Chamberlain
Thomas Paine Anglo-American author b. (d. 1809)
Vincent de Paul canonized by Pope Clement XII
Edward Gibbons Eng. historian b. ( d. 1794)
Antonio Stradivari d. (b. 1644)
1738 Voltaire introduces ideas of Isaac Newton to France
John Wesley's evangelical conversion; George Whitefield follows him to Georgia as "Leader of the Great Awakening"
Claude Michel Fr. sculptor b. (d. 1815)
1739 George Clinton, twice vice president of the US b. (d. 1812)
Amer. astronomer John Winthrop IV publishes his "Notes on Sunspots
1740 Charles VI d; succeeded by his daughter Maria Theresa (-1780)
Anne daughter of Peter the Great d; succeeded by Czar Ivan VI (-1741)
Frederick the Great of Prussia begins First Silesian War against Maria Theresa
Pope Clement XII d; succeeded by Cardinal Prospero Labertini as Pope Benedict XIV (-1758)
Fredrick the Great introduces freedom of press and freedom of worship in Prussia
Smallpox epidemic in Berlin
Capt. Vitus Bering, Dane employed by Russia, discovers Alaska.
C.P.E. Bach, son of JS Bach (1714-1788) enters service of Frederick the Great, Berlin.
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759), Twelve Grand Concertos, op. 6.
James Grassineau (d. 1784), A Musical Dictionary.
1741: Rameau, Pieces de clavecin en concerts, Paris.
Maria Theresa accepts crown of Hungary
Czar Ivan VI deposed and imprisoned; Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Great, becomes czarina (-1762)
Jonathan Edwards: "Sinners in the Hands of an Anger God" sermon delivered at Enfield Mass
Johann Joseph Fux, Aust. musician d. (b. 1660)
Handel "The Messiah" oratorio composed in 18 days
Giovanni Paisiello Ital. composer b. (d. 1816)
Antonio Vivaldi Ital. composer d. (b. 1675)
1741-1742: Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750),
Goldberg Variations.
1742: Handel, Messia performed in Dublin.
William Sommerville Eng. poet d. (b. 1675)
Swiss Astronome Andres Celsius invents centigrade thermometer
Edmund Halley Eng. astronomer d. (b. 1656)
Karl Wilhelm Scheele Ger. chemist b. (d. 1786)
1743 Maria Theresa crowned at Prague
Thomas Jefferson third US President b. (d. 1826)
Jean Paul Marat Fr. revolutionist b. (d. 1793)
Johannes Ewald Dan poet b. (d. 1781)
Richard Savage Eng. author d. (b. 1697)
Thomas Archer Eng. architect d. (b. 1668)
Luigi Boccherini Ital. composer b. (d. 1805)
John Lowell Amer. jurist b. (d. 1802)
Cagliostro Ital. adventurer b. (d. 1795)
Mme Du Barry mistress of Louis XV b. (executed 1793)
Battle of Dettingen.
1744-1745: Second Silesian war.
1744 Josiah Quincey Amer. patriot b. (d. 1775)
France declares war on England and on Marie Theresa
Alexander Pope Eng. poet d. (b. 1688)
Johann Gottfried von Herder Ger. author b. (d. 1803)
Giovanni Battista Vico Ital. jurist and philosopher d. (b. 1668)
J.S. Bach "Das wohltemperierte Klavier" part 2
Jean-Baptiste Monet de Lamarck Fr. naturalist b. (d. 1829)
1745 Jonathan Swift d. (b. 1667)
Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt Aust. architect d. (b. 1668)
Charles Dibdin Eng. singer and composer b. (d. 1814)
Alessandro Volta Ital. physicist b. (d. 1827)
The quadrille becomes a fashionable dance in France
Francis Stephen of Lorraine (spouse of Empress Maria Theresa) elected Holy Roman Emperor.
Second Jacobite Revolution (Scotland); English defeat Scots, led by Charles Edward Stuart (Bonny Prince Charlie), at Battle of Culloden.
Battle of Fontenoy.
British capture Louisbourg, Nova Scotia.
1746: Battle of Culloden.
Foundation of The Presbyterian College of New Jersey, in 1896 renamed Princeton University.
Philip V of Spain d; succeeded by Ferdinand VI (-1759)
Frances Hutcheson Scot. philosopher d. (b. 1694)
Wearing of tartans prohibited in Great Britain
1747 John Paul Jones Amer. Revolutionary naval officer b. (d. 1792)
Benjamin Franklin "Plain Truth"
J.S. Bach "Das musikalische Opfer"
Carriage tax in England
Handel, Judas Maccabaeus performed in London.
J.S. Bach visits Court of Frederick the Great at Potsdam; Bach, Musical Offering.
1748 Bach "Die Kunst der Fuge" (-1750)
Joseph Bramah Eng. engineer, b. (d. 1814)
Eng. physician John Frother gill describes diphtheria
1749 Comte de Mirabeau Fr. revolutionist b. (d. 1791)
Vittorio Alfieri Ital. dramatist b. (d. 1803)
Johann Wolfgang Goethe the greatest Ger. writer b. (d. 1832)
Domenico Cimarosa Ital. composer b. (d. 1801)
Georg "Abbe" Vogler Ger. music teacher b. (d. 1814)
Port Giacobbo Rodriguez Pereire invents sign language for deaf-mutes
Handel, Solomon performed in London.
Rameau, Zoroastre performed in Paris.
1750 Henry Knox Amer. Revolutionary leader b. (d. 1806)
Aaron Hill Eng. dramatist d. (b. 1685)
First playhouse opened in New York
Neoclassicism as reaction against baroque and rococo spreading over Europe
Johann Breitkopf Leipzig music publisher uses movable type for printing music
Pergolesi "La Serva padrona" opera buffa first performed in London
Antonio Salieri Ital. composer b. (d. 1825)
"The Beggar's Opera" given for first time in New York
Fr. astronomer Nicolas de Lacaille leads expedition to Cape of Good hope to determine solar and lunar parallax
Population of Europe approx 140 million
First Westminster Bridge, London, finished
1750-1825: Salieri, Antonio: Born in Legnago, he was brought as a boy to Vienna by Florian Gassmann, his predecessor as court Kapellmeister who supervised his musical training and education. He owed much to the influence and patronage of Gluck, to whom he seemed a natural successor in the field of opera. He won similar success to the latter also in Paris with his operas for the French stage. His pupils included Beethoven and Schubert, Czerny, Hummel, Moscheles and one of Mozart's sons. He was a prolific composor, principally in vocal music of all kinds.
1750: J.S. Bach is dies.
