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Automatic electronic flash is so convenient and easy to use that you are usually unaware it even fires. With your camera on automatic, it’s always ready when your autoexposure system decides it’s needed. But this on-camera flash lighting has certain characteristics that can make a difference in the way your pictures look. For example, the pictures will have a "flat" lighting typical of flash-on-camera shooting. Alternative approaches, such as positioning a separate flash off camera (or using a slave unit) may produce more interesting results. In any event, you will be able to use flash to better advantage as you become more familiar with its characteristics and the various forms available.
Many digital cameras have a variety of flash modes that we’ll explore in this chapter. Although they go by different names, these modes typically include Auto that fires the flash whenever the light is too dim to take a photo, Anytime Flash that fires the flash regardless of how much available light there is, Red-eye Reduction that fires a separate lamp to reduce red-eye when taking portraits, Flash Cancel that turns the flash off so you can photograph with available light without the flash firing, and Slow Synchronized that keeps the shutter open longer than usual to lighten the background.